Thermal-Energy Transfer for Commercial Buildings
Typical Applications
Apartments and condominiums. Applications can be multiunit high-rise or garden-type complexes. Advantages over conventional systems include individual metering, individual-tenant control, lower first cost, lower maintenance costs, diversity of operation, and domestic-water heating.
Hotels and motels. TET systems can provide total comfort for rooms of all sizes, even large public spaces. Regarding hotels and motels:
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Ducted and free-standing WSHPs are designed for quiet operation.
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Individual units protect against complete shutdowns.
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TET systems maximize economy of first cost and minimize operating and maintenance costs.
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WSHPs provide individual guest control.
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WSHPs can provide recreational, restaurant, laundry, and domestic-water heat recovery.
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TET systems can be designed with front-desk control and a low limit.
Schools and dormitories. TET systems are widely specified for school construction and renovation. Benefits include:
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Elimination of tampering and vandalism from concealment of units.
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Individual control.
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Easy adaptation for fresh-air control.
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Night-setback controls and daytime programmed operation.
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Ease of operation and maintenance.
Office and commercial buildings. Most office and commercial buildings contain constant sources of heat that can be recovered easily. To attract tenants, owners and developers can offer individual year-round temperature control with a minimal first cost and low maintenance and operating costs. Additional tenant and owner advantages include:
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Minimal downtime in the event of malfunction.
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Night-setback controls.
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Programmable daytime controls.
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Off-hour controls.
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Flexibility in partitioning.
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Quiet operation.
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Flexibility in design, meaning spaces can be completed as needed.
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Separate metering.
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Quick installation.
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A two-pipe fan-coil system easily can be converted to WSHPs to heat some spaces and cool others simultaneously.
Shopping centers and malls. Central shopping centers and malls are much like office buildings in that they contain large areas where heat can be recovered. Also, they often have multiple tenants, each requiring its own control. With a TET system, tenant spaces can be metered separately. Also, a TET system provides economy of operation and lower first cost. What's more, large mechanical rooms and ducts are avoided, which translates to more rentable space.
Supermarkets. Today's supermarkets use a variety of refrigeration equipment for the storage, preservation, and display of food. These include ice machines, walk-in freezers, and refrigerated display cases. All of this equipment gives off heat. With WSHPs, this heat can be harvested and used for general store heating or transferred to adjacent stores on the same system.
Computer centers. Computer centers and areas with multiple computer workstations can produce a significant amount of heat. This heat can be absorbed and used in other parts of the building or other buildings altogether. In some cases, enough heat can be recovered from computers to heat an entire complex.
Restaurants. Water-to-water systems can transfer heat to preheat incoming air required to replace air exhausted from kitchen hoods or to make domestic hot water for dish washing.
Medical buildings, nursing homes, and hospitals. Decentralized zoned units provide the diversity required to meet many different patient, clinical-service, laboratory, and diagnostic needs. They are well-suited for medical buildings, nursing homes, and hospitals because of isolated air supply, which prevents room-to-room contamination.
Industrial plants. Most industrial plants have exhaust- and makeup-air needs. A properly designed TET system can take advantage of operational processes to recover heat and use it to maximum advantage.
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